This dataset group provides atmospheric indices derived from ERA5 reanalysis data for South America, covering 1 January 1961 to 31 December 2025. The available indices include the SACZ index, atmospheric blocking index, XHWI, and SPI, which support diagnosing extreme events and climate-related risks across the region.
The ERA5-derived XHWI dataset covers the domain from 56.89°S to 13.89°N and from 83.89°W to 32.11°W. The SPI dataset covers 33.75°S to 5.25°N and 73°W to 29°W. The SACZ index comprises three regions representing the following domains: Region AB (north), 21°S to 16°S and 44°W to 42°W; Region C (central), 23.5°S to 21°S and 44°W to 42°W; and Region DE (south), 28.5°S to 23.5°S and 44°W to 42°W. The atmospheric blocking index is composed of seven regions representing the following domains: Region BLT (full domain), 25°S to 10°S and 6°W to 40°W; Region BLZ (northern half), 17,5°S to 10°S and 60°W to 40°W; Region BLN_h1 (northern half, western sub-sector), 17.5°S to 10°S and 60°W to 50°W; Region BLN_h2 (northern half, eastern sub-sector), 17.5°S to 10°S and 50°W to 40°W; Region BLS (southern half), 25°S to 17.5°S and 60°W to 40°W; Region BLS_h1 (southern half, western sub-sector), 25°S to 17.5°S and 60°W to 50°W; and Region BLS_h2, (southern half, eastern sub-sector), 25°S to 17.5°S and 50°W to 40°W.
The datasets are distributed in NetCDF4 format, follow CF conventions, and include standardized units and complete metadata. No regridding, bias correction, or additional quality control was applied.