This dataset provides a collection of time series of various climate indices from the ERA5 reanalysis (references below), covering the period 01-JAN-1980 to 24-OCT-2025. The set of indices comprises:
- 1000hPa and 500hPa geopotential height area index (see areas)
- Summer (MJJAS) version of ECMWF 4 regimes (NAOP_S,BLOCK_S,NAOM_S,RIDGE_S)
- Winter (ONDJFMA) version of ECMWF 4 regimes (NAOP,BLOCK,NAOM,RIDGE)
- Patterns based on three two wind EOFs (EOF1, EOF2, EOF3) for Euro-Atlantic region
- 2-m temperature area index (see areas)
- NAO based on MSLP difference beween Lissabon and Reykavik, WeMO between Padua and San Fernando
- North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), East Atlantic pattern (EAT) and Atlantic Blocking (ABLOCK) pattern based on Seasonal forecast patterns
- Euroasian (EAS) pattern based on Seasonal forecast patterns
- Pacific North American pattern (PNA) and North PAcific dipole (NPD) pattern based on Seasonal forecast patterns
- Soil moisture index (level 3, 4, and to top 1 metre over land-points)
- SST area index (see areas)
- 10hPa u-wind area index (see areas)
Time series data is provided in csv format along with json files providing additional information (e.g. on parameters and areas used).
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., Thépaut, J-N. (2023): ERA5 hourly data on pressure levels from 1940 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS), DOI: 10.24381/cds.bd0915c6 (Accessed on 26-OCT-2025)
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., Thépaut, J-N. (2023): ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS), DOI: 10.24381/cds.adbb2d47 (Accessed on 26-OCT-2025)